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Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate
2022-06-29
Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate uptake leads to aberrant behavioral consequences. For example, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection or microinjection of the GLT-1 inhibitor, dihydrokainic Z-DQMD-FMK (DHK), into the prefrontal cortex induces anhedonia [8,9]. Microinjecti
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Glucose uptake a critical metabolic control point in
2022-06-29
Glucose uptake, a critical metabolic control point in glycolysis, is mediated by the GLUT (SLC2) family of integral membrane transporters (Mueckler and Thorens, 2013). GLUT1 (SLC2A1), one of the most well-studied members of the SLC2 family, exhibits a wide tissue distribution; cell surface expressio
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The ghrelin receptor is expressed in a
2022-06-29
The ghrelin receptor is expressed in a number of human malignancies including prostatic carcinoma cell lines [18,19] and tissues [20], breast carcinoma tumours and cell lines [21], testicular tumours [22], and malignant ovarian cysts and tumours [23]. In addition, it has an elevated level of express
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Numerical models of blood regulation provide insight into
2022-06-29
Numerical models of blood regulation provide insight into the interaction of the cellular-level and macro-scale phenomena studied in silico, a term referring to computer simulations of the dynamics of complex biological systems as opposed to in vivo or in vitro experimental studies. These in silico
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Many natural flavonoids have been identified as influencing
2022-06-29
Many natural flavonoids have been identified as influencing ionotropic GABA receptors through bioassay-guided fractionation of plant extracts (Fig. 4). HPLC-based activity profiling of extracts the traditional Chinese herbal drug Kushen (Sophora flavescens root) led to the identification of the 8-la
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Cy5 amine (non-sulfonated) br General features of FGFRs and
2022-06-29
General features of FGFRs and inhibitors Conclusion Given the critical role of FGFRs in the progression of tumors, the co-crystal structures of these kinases in complex with inhibitors are determined in order to clarify the mechanism of actions and explore new efficient inhibitors. This manusc
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br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgment br
2022-06-29
Conflicts of interest Acknowledgment Introduction The all trans retinoic acid sale growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family members of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that represent attractive therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapy gaining more and more attention in recent years [1]
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GSK2126458 However Gingrich and Hen reported that absence
2022-06-29
However, Gingrich and Hen reported that absence of the gene at all stages of ontogenesis of mice may interfere with the normal developmental program and/or the organism may undergo changes in other systems to compensate for gene absence (46). In addition, potentially altered maternal behavior of GPR
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DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that
2022-06-29
DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that can initiate and perpetuate a noninfectious cystamine sale during cell death [23]. HMGB1 is a well-studied nuclear DAMP in various types of regulated necrosis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of infection and sterile inflammation. Our current data
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The present study was designed to clarify the distribution a
2022-06-28
The present study was designed to clarify the distribution and the function of the endothelin receptors in the guinea-pig urinary bladder. We found that endothelin-1 produced a clear tonic contraction via both 5-Methyl-CTP subtypes, the endothelin ETA and ETB receptor, and that sarafotoxin S6c also
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br Results br Discussion Impaired BBB
2022-06-28
Results Discussion Impaired BBB functions evoke vasogenic edema, which elevates intracranial pressure and leads to a life-threatening condition (Sperk, 1994, Unterberg et al., 2004, Simard et al., 2007). In addition, vasogenic edema formation results in the worsen consequence contributing to p
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The molecular formula of was
2022-06-28
The molecular formula of 2 was determined to be C20H26O5 on the basis of HRESI (−) MS data at m/z 345.1705 [M–H]− (calcd 345.1702 for C20H25O5). Detailed analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR data of 2 revealed similar fragments compared with desoxyarticulin (Faini et al., 1987) except for an additional hy
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Two US FDA approved assays are
2022-06-28
Two US FDA-approved assays are commonly used for VL monitoring: the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS® Taqman® HIV-1 version 2.0 (“CAP/CTM HIV-1 v2”; Roche Molecular Systems) [18], and the RealTime HIV-1 assay (“RealTime HIV-1”, Abbott Molecular) [19]. Several studies have shown good correlation between the ass
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The hyperacetylation of histone proteins by HATs is known to
2022-06-28
The hyperacetylation of histone proteins by HATs is known to be associated with gene activation [51]. In particular, p300, which is a transcription factor having HAT activity, links activators to the transcription machinery at promoters [52]. The p300/CBP complex dynamically regulates hundreds of di
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In NAFLD models the first hit is liver
2022-06-28
In NAFLD models, the “first hit” is liver fat accumulation, which causes insulin resistance, whereas the interplay of inflammatory cytokines, which causes inflammation, acts as the representative “second hit” [9]. However, recently, the “multiple hit” hypothesis has taken into consideration that mul
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