• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is a growing

  2022-02-07

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi

• To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft

  2022-02-07

  

  To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino orexin is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, and in to

• br Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro

  2022-02-07

  

  Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Ghrelin

  2022-02-07

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ghrelin is reported to regulate a number of processes related to cancer progression including tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis [3,7,[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. In the present study, we examined the potential ef

• br Conclusion and future directions GS is an important

  2022-02-07

  

  Conclusion and future directions GS is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Its structure and function have been studied during the last years to understand the substrate cleavage mechanism to modulate the Aβ42 peptide production. The recent elucidation of GS

• br Conflicts of interests br Acknowledgements We thank

  2022-02-07

  

  Conflicts of interests Acknowledgements We thank Drs. T. Tomita and T. Iwatsubo (Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan) for anti-presenilin 1-CTF antiserum, Dr. A. Takashima (Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan) for anti-Pen-2 antiserum and the laboratory members for helpful comments and discussion. M

• Magtanong et al observed that caspase dependent apoptotic

  2022-02-07

  

  Magtanong et al. (2019) observed that caspase-dependent apoptotic lipotoxicity of saturated fatty acids is suppressed by exogenous MUFAs. This may explain the ability of MUFAs to prevent atherosclerosis, in contrast to the pathogenicity of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, MUFAs may promote while PUF

• G protein coupled receptor kinases

  2022-02-05

  

  G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are another group of kinases whose limited substrate repertoire is associated with an extensive binding interface. GRKs phosphorylate activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at multiple sites, promoting binding of arrestin proteins to mediate receptor

• Extending the issue of the species differences the role

  2022-02-04

  

  Extending the issue of the species differences, the role of neuroestradiol in the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge might be specific to primates or species with a luteal phase. For example, animals with a true luteal phase, such as monkeys and sheep, exhibit a long preovulatory GnRH surge, lasting well af

• To further investigate its role

  2022-02-04

  

  To further investigate its role in stresses tolerance, OsGly I was overexpressed in transgenic rice. qRT-PCR and zymologic determination showed that fexofenadine hydrochloride level of OsGly I and the glyoxalase I activity were significantly increased to different extent in the transgenic overexpre

• br Results and discussion br Conclusions TZDs represent a we

  2022-02-04

  

  Results and discussion Conclusions TZDs represent a well-studied group of antidiabetic agents. Based on previous observations of the ability of some TZDs to activate FFAR1, we designed five scaffolds consisting of the TZD head, a linker, and a carefully selected privileged structure. For the p

• Compstatin The energy required to drive the functional

  2022-02-03

  

  The energy required to drive the functional process to actively maintain lens transparency is primarily derived from the metabolism of glucose. Since the lens is avascular and exists in an environment of low oxygen tension, glucose is primarily metabolized by Compstatin glycolysis (Kinoshita, 1965)

• ana 2 Introduction The Hedgehog Hh signaling

  2022-02-03

  

  Introduction The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates embryonic organogenesis, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation (Armas-Lopez et al., 2017, Ingham and McMahon, 2013). Aberrant activation of Hh signaling pathway contributes to tumor formation and development of various cancers includi

• For many plasma membrane receptors

  2022-02-03

  

  For many plasma membrane receptors including GPCRs, their density on the cell-surface is finely controlled by various transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, and is often a determinant of overall receptor function in a cell. To date, the transcriptional regulation an

• Colorectal cancer CRC is the third most common cancer

  2022-02-03

  

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide and almost 55% of the cases occur in more developed areas of the world. In the 2012, more than 1.3 million new cases were reported, which accounts for about 10% of the total cancers worldwide (GLOBOCAN,

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