• Grapiprant is a selective antagonist for prostaglandin E PGE

  2021-05-11

  

  Grapiprant () is a selective antagonist for prostaglandin E (PGE) receptor subtype 4 (EP4) identified as a clinical candidate for the treatment of inflammatory pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). It is currently under development for use in humans and dogs. The projected dosing regimen of grap

• Potential break through technology poised

  2021-05-11

  

  Potential break-through technology poised to overcome these above-mentioned limitations is that of the “substrate mediated enzyme prodrug therapy”, SMEPT (Fig. 1). Learning from the previously established enzyme prodrug therapies (EPT) and specifically the antibody-directed EPT (ADEPT) [12], develop

• Neuronal cells have highly developed ER

  2021-05-11

  

  Neuronal (-)-Bicuculline methiodide synthesis have highly developed ER, which makes them susceptible to loss of ER function following exposure to various agents, which leads to apoptosis (Lindholm et al., 2006, Katayama et al., 2004). Multiple pathways may be involved in ER stress-initiated apoptos

• Additional derivatives were synthesised using

  2021-05-11

  

  Additional derivatives were synthesised using a modified approach (). Commercially available 4-bromo-2-methoxyaniline () was converted into the boronic ester , followed by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling with chromenone triflate to afford the corresponding arylamine . Acylation of with chloroacetyl

• Since the initial identification of DNA ligase

  2021-05-11

  

  Since the initial identification of DNA ligase inhibitors by a structure-based approach [[18], [26]], there have been several reports describing LigI inhibitors using computer modelling and derivatives of the original DNA ligase inhibitors [[49], [50], [51]]. While these studies have shown that the

• SM-164 mg An AmDH is engineered by mutating two conserved am

  2021-05-11

  

  An AmDH is engineered by mutating two conserved amino SM-164 mg residues in the active site of an amino acid dehydrogenase (AADH). Starting from the leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) from Bacillus stearothermophilus, substituting a serine and leucine at the K68 and N261 positions, respectively, resulte

• Effect of a C C double bond The presence of

  2021-05-11

  

  Effect of a C4-C5 double bond — The presence of a double bond at the substrate’s C4-C5 position affects the reactivity of Δ1-KSTDs to varying extent, depending on the enzyme. Most 3-ketosteroids that are converted by Δ1- KSTDs have this double bond. For some Δ1-KSTDs this double bond is even require

• Nitric oxide NO is synthesized by conversion of the

  2021-05-11

  

  Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by conversion of the l-arginine to NO and l-citrulline through reaction which is catalyzed by nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) (Knowles and Moncada, 1994). NO as an important molecule not only play a role as second messenger but also binds to cytochrome c oxidase and de

• TNF a major cytokine that is critical

  2021-05-11

  

  TNF-α, a major cytokine that is critical in acute and chronic inflammation, is responsible from chemotaxis, acute phase reactions and endothelial activation (Mahalingam and Karupiah, 1999). Our study showed that TNF-α is increased significantly in the pyelonephritic rats and montelukast displayed an

• In conclusion we developed a new CysLT and CysLT

  2021-05-11

  

  In conclusion, we developed a new CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model that can be useful for screening both CysLT2 receptor and CysLT1/2 receptor antagonists. In addition, we have shown that the dual CysLT1/2 receptor antagonist ONO-6950 can exert protective effect agai

• br Use of CDK inhibitors

  2021-05-11

  

  Use of CDK inhibitors in CLL today There has been explosive development of novel therapeutics for CLL in the last decade and a massive transformation of practice is underway [75]. Most of this development and excitement revolves around B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors: the Bruton tyrosi

• Similarly to the chemokine CCL the level of the chemokine

  2021-05-11

  

  Similarly to the chemokine CCL-5, the level of the chemokine SDF-1 in the groups of individuals with APD did not differ from its level in the control group. However, a slight increase in the level of this chemokine was recorded in the group of women and men with APD and PTSD as compared with the cor

• Growing evidence has shown that ANS dysregulation indexed by

  2021-05-10

  

  Growing evidence has shown that ANS dysregulation, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of anxiety (Minassian et al., 2014, 2015). Indeed, we have previously reported that patients with GAD are associated with reduced resting parasympathetical (vagal) co

• It has been shown that CK phosphorylates and

  2021-05-10

  

  It has been shown that CK1δ phosphorylates α-, β- and γ-tubulin in vitro and that CK1δ specifically interacts with the trans Golgi network, COPI positive vesicles, and centrosomes in interphase cells [11], [12], [13], [14]. Moreover CK1δ is also associated with granular particles that are associated

• Programmed cell death via apoptosis is

  2021-05-10

  

  Programmed cell death via apoptosis is associated with a series of morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell shrinkage, the rapid increase of intracellular calcium, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Known as a shared feature of most ap

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