• Under conditions of energy scarcity or

  2020-05-22

  

  Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional restriction, AMPK, a critical energy sensor, is activated in response to the increased ratio of AMP to ATP. Various kinases may phosphorylate AMPK, leading to its activation. For example, AMPK phosphorylation by liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) at Thr172 res

• br Cytokines as targets for the development of drugs Since

  2020-05-21

  

  Cytokines as targets for the development of drugs Since the first scientific evidence describing the large number of cytokines and their functional roles and involvement in molecular mechanism of various diseases or disorders researchers have targeted cytokines. (Isaacs and Lindenmann, 1957), De

• Oral antipsychotics are substrates of CYP enzymes which are

  2020-05-21

  

  Oral antipsychotics are substrates of CYP450 enzymes, which are crucial to their metabolism and elimination (Fig. 1). The efficacy and toxicity of antipsychotic agents is affected by factors that induce or inhibit CYP450 expression and function, such as drug–drug interactions. Additionally, the mult

• full article However the Moon is not the only possible sourc

  2020-05-21

  

  However, the Moon is not the only possible source for space resources. Asteroids, in particular near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), can provide an alternative source for propellant and other materials, sometimes at lower cost. There are an expected 4000 NEAs that require less propellant (delta-V) per trip

• While we previously demonstrated that TraG is inhibited by s

  2020-05-21

  

  While we previously demonstrated that TraG is inhibited by specific transglycosylase inhibitors and that enzymatic activity is strongly reduced upon mutation of the potential catalytic core (Arends et al., 2013), the enzymatic mechanism of both domains was not assigned. Here, by mass spectrometry an

• ATRX belongs to the switch sucrose

  2020-05-21

  

  ATRX belongs to the switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling family, mutations in which cause syndromal mental retardation and downregulation of α-globin expression (Gibbons et al., 1995). Most of these mutations are located in two highly conserved regions of the ATRX protein: a

• With the recent expanse of technology to evaluate

  2020-05-21

  

  With the recent expanse of technology to evaluate synthetic lethality, new combinations with DHODH inhibitors may be uncovered (O\'Neil, Bailey, & Hieter, 2017). Many oncogenic backgrounds share synthetic lethality with DHODH. Cells with mutant PTEN have increased glutamine metabolism and are sensit

• The death associated protein kinase DAPK is

  2020-05-21

  

  The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is an actin-associated, calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzyme with serine/threonine kinase activity [11], [12]. DAPK is a pro-apoptotic gene and participates in various apoptotic systems, such as TNF-α- and Fas-triggered apoptosis [10], IFN-γ-induced cell dea

• The intricate roles and neural systems and mechanisms

  2020-05-21

  

  The intricate roles and neural systems and mechanisms involved in the CRF1 and CRF2 mediation of spontaneous and stress-induced anxiety behavior remain to be defined. Of particular relevance are studies evaluating the behavioral actions of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors separately as well as together. For

• Experiment B CP during fear acquisition normalizes fear pote

  2020-05-21

  

  Experiment 4B: CP154,526 during fear acquisition normalizes fear-potentiated startle and prevents exacerbation of contextual conditioned fear in SERT−/− rats. As genotypes differed markedly in basal fear acquisition, drug effects could differ strongly between genotypes. Therefore, all effects in t

• Each nsP plays a distinct defined and indispensable

  2020-05-20

  

  Each nsP plays a distinct, defined and indispensable role in the replication of viral genome. nsP1 is a membrane associated protein which possesses S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase (MTase) and guanylyltransferase (GTase) activities to catalyze the viral RNA capping reaction

• Acidic substituents showed moderate biochemical activity but

  2020-05-20

  

  Acidic substituents () showed moderate biochemical activity, but these compounds showed reduced cellular potency. Additional compounds bearing a carboxylic MK2 inhibitor were also prepared and tested (data not shown). All of acidic compounds showed low cellular potency regardless of their biochemic

• br Conflict statement br Introduction Prostate

  2020-05-20

  

  Conflict statement Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men after lung cancer [1], [2]. The incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer are significantly higher in developed countries especially th

• Despite the significant associations between

  2020-05-20

  

  Despite the significant associations between TNF-α and TRAIL in our results, the use of a single top cytokine in predicting sPTB is limited, and the previous study using the specific candidate cytokines failed to accurately predict the risk for sPTB in asymptomatic women, with AUC ranged from 0.48 t

• The CYP A genes are

  2020-05-20

  

  The CYP3A genes are regulated physiologically by glucocorticosteroids, growth hormone, thyroid hormones and cytokines [13, 20, 30]. It has been shown that glucocorticoid receptor (GR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) play an important ro

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